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Integrating conservation into water supply planning
Author(s) -
Maddaus William O.,
Gleason Gwendolyn,
Darmody John
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1996.tb06647.x
Subject(s) - deferral , business , capital expenditure , water conservation , energy conservation , balance (ability) , demand management , environmental economics , water supply , capital cost , process (computing) , natural resource economics , supply and demand , environmental science , water resources , economics , engineering , environmental engineering , computer science , microeconomics , finance , medicine , ecology , electrical engineering , macroeconomics , physical medicine and rehabilitation , biology , operating system
How can water suppliers achieve an appropriate balance between capacity expansion and conservation? Finding an appropriate balance between capacity expansion and conservation can result in quantifiably reduced demand, which yields benefits for water utilities. One benefit is reduction in operation and maintenance expenses, because less pumping energy and fewer chemicals are used in the acquisition, treatment, and disposal of water. Another benefit is the deferral or downsizing of capital facilities. Comparing current supply with projected demand aids in the identification of future needs for demand management or increased supply. In addition to cost factors, nonmonetary factors, including environmental effects, should be considered. In this article, case studies from Texas, California, Idaho, and New Zealand illustrate this balancing process.