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Regulation of CO 2 Waste Fluid Stringent
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06266.x
Subject(s) - hazardous waste , waste management , waste oil , environmental science , natural gas , engineering
ARCO Oil and Gas Company operated a gas extraction and processing project. The extracted gas was 96 percent carbon dioxide (CO2) and was used for enhanced oil recovery. The process brought to the surface certain waste fluids that were disposed of in an underground injection well. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) directed ARCO to apply for a class I permit, which characterized the waste fluids as “hazardous,” “industrial,” or municipal waste. ARCO objected and preferred a class II permit, which characterized the waste as fluid “brought to the surface in connection…with conventional oil or natural gas production.” However, ARCO hedged its bets, applied for and received a class I permit, and then petitioned for a review, which the USEPA denied.