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Sources of Chlorate Ion in US Drinking Water
Author(s) -
Bolyard Michele,
Fair Patricia Snyder,
Hautman Daniel P.
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1993.tb06064.x
Subject(s) - chlorate , chloramine , hypochlorite , chlorine dioxide , chlorine , chemistry , chlorite , environmental chemistry , tap water , contamination , oxidizing agent , chloramination , water treatment , inorganic chemistry , environmental engineering , environmental science , metallurgy , materials science , organic chemistry , biology , ecology , quartz
Samples of untreated source water and finished drinking water were obtained from 42 water utilities which treated their water with oxidants–disinfectants that included chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ), gaseous chlorine, hypochlorite solutions, and chloramines. Chlorite ion was only detected in water from utilities that used ClO 2 . Finished water from utilities that used ClO 2 or hypochlorite solutions contained comparable concentrations of chlorate ion (ClO 3 − ) in the range 21–660 μg/L. Analysis of the hypochlorite solutions indicated ClO 3 − contamination was a greater problem in the solutions purchased in concentrations >10 percent available chlorine. Low levels of ClO 3 − (10–81 μg/L) were also detected in approximately one third of the untreated source samples.