Premium
Process Selection for Potable Reuse Health Effects Studies
Author(s) -
Lauer William C.,
Rogers Stephen E.,
LaChance Anthony M.,
Nealey Myron K.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1991.tb07249.x
Subject(s) - air stripping , reverse osmosis , reuse , wastewater , waste management , environmental science , pilot plant , water treatment , lime , filtration (mathematics) , activated carbon , disinfectant , water quality , potable water , adsorption , environmental engineering , chemistry , engineering , membrane , materials science , ecology , biochemistry , statistics , mathematics , organic chemistry , metallurgy , biology
Denver's direct potable water reuse demonstration project has spanned nearly two decades. Following more than 10 years of pilot study, a 44‐L/s (1‐mgd) treatment plant was constructed to further evaluate the most promising processes to convert unchlorinated secondary wastewater directly to drinking water quality. The $17‐million facility began full operation in 1985 and originally incorporated the following treatment processes: lime clarification, recarbonation, filtration, selective ion exchange with regenerant recovery system, two‐stage activated carbon adsorption with thermal regeneration system, ozonation, reverse osmosis, air stripping, and chlorine dioxide disinfection. During the first two and one‐half years of demonstration plant operation, researchers evaluated three distinct process sequences and numerous process optimization and pilot studies. The culmination of this work was the selection of the treatment process sequence to be used during the remainder of the five‐year project. The health effects treatment sequence was derived following evaluation of the data and consultation with Denver's project advisory committee. The treatment train includes lime clarification (pH 11.0), recarbonation (pH 7.7), filtration, ultraviolet disinfection, activated carbon adsorption (42 minutes of empty bed contact time), reverse osmosis, air stripping, ozonation, and chloramination as a residual disinfectant. Exhaustive testing of this process sequence will be used to compare the quality of direct potable reuse water and Denver's high‐quality drinking water.