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California Industries Cut Water Use
Author(s) -
Manzione Mark,
Jordan Barbara,
Maddaus William O.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1991.tb07232.x
Subject(s) - water consumption , water use , bay , payback period , water conservation , capital cost , capital expenditure , engineering , consumption (sociology) , water industry , deep water , operations management , agricultural economics , business , environmental science , environmental engineering , economics , production (economics) , civil engineering , water supply , finance , irrigation , electrical engineering , ecology , social science , macroeconomics , sociology , biology , marine engineering
Fifteen case studies in south San Francisco Bay Area industries have shown that electronics manufacturers and others can significantly cut water use—and do it cost efficiently. The use of a variety of water conservation techniques—ranging from employee education to major equipment retrofits—resulted in reductions in process water consumption of from 25 to 90 percent. Implementation of such techniques took from a week to several years, depending on the complexity of the plant and its processes. Capital payback periods for specific actions ranged from two months to three years.