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Survey of Residual Aluminum in Filtered Water
Author(s) -
Letterman Raymond D.,
Driscoll Charles T.
Publication year - 1988
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1988.tb03020.x
Subject(s) - alum , residual , filtration (mathematics) , raw water , lime , particulates , aluminium , environmental science , water treatment , chemistry , pulp and paper industry , environmental chemistry , environmental engineering , metallurgy , materials science , mathematics , engineering , algorithm , statistics , organic chemistry
This article reports results of a survey of water utilities in the United States that use alum as a coagulant and have measured the concentration of total aluminum (Al) in their filtered water. Survey results suggest that effective removal of particulate matter minimizes residual Al levels, especially when raw water contains elevated concentrations of total Al. Results further indicate that lime used for pH adjustment following filtration may be an important source of residual Al.