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Slow Sand and Direct In‐line Filtration of a Surface Water
Author(s) -
Cleasby John L.,
Hilmoe David J.,
Dimitracopoulos Constantine J.
Publication year - 1984
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1984.tb05455.x
Subject(s) - filtration (mathematics) , turbidity , raw water , alum , water treatment , water quality , environmental science , environmental engineering , surface water , slow sand filter , effluent , pulp and paper industry , waste management , chemistry , engineering , mathematics , geology , statistics , ecology , oceanography , organic chemistry , biology
The research described in this article addressed the problems of the small water system faced with the need to construct treatment facilities that will be easy to operate and maintain yet will produce water that meets drinking water standards. Results of a pilot study, which used three parameters of filtrate quality—turbidity, particle count, and total coliform count, indicate that when raw water quality is high, slow sand filtration outperforms direct in‐line filtration operating with alum or cationic polymer as a coagulant. Enumeration of algae is considered essential for judging the acceptability of raw water for slow sand filtration. For raw water of poorer quality, direct in‐line filtration can be used, but this treatment system requires substantially more operational skill and attention.