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Temperature and Ionic Strength Corrections to the Langelier Index—Revisited
Author(s) -
Schock Michael R.
Publication year - 1984
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1984.tb05391.x
Subject(s) - calcium carbonate , solubility , index (typography) , potable water , ionic strength , carbonate , saturation (graph theory) , thermodynamics , calcium , agency (philosophy) , chemistry , environmental science , mineralogy , aqueous solution , inorganic chemistry , chemical engineering , environmental engineering , engineering , mathematics , computer science , physics , organic chemistry , philosophy , combinatorics , world wide web , epistemology
The saturation state of calcium carbonate in water has been determined for years by use of the Langelier Index. The US Environmental Protection Agency today specifies its use by water suppliers. Yet the 40‐year‐old chemistry that fostered popular, simplified versions of the index has undergone substantial evolution. Some chemists believe correction factors for temperature and ionic strength can be updated with knowledge gained from activity coefficient and calcium carbonate research. Calculations presented here show wide discrepancies between temperature correction factors derived from initial and more recent research on calcium carbonate solubility. They are most pronounced in the temperature range of primary concern in potable water supplies.