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Frost Loadings on Underground Pipe
Author(s) -
Smith W. Harry
Publication year - 1976
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1976.tb02525.x
Subject(s) - frost (temperature) , geotechnical engineering , environmental science , frost heaving , cold climate , water pipe , geology , penetration (warfare) , hydrology (agriculture) , engineering , forensic engineering , oceanography , geomorphology , climatology , operations research , inlet
Investigation disclosed that 60–70 per Cent of pipe failures in cold climates occur during the Winter and may coincide with the entry of frost into the earth above the pipe. Carefully controlled studies have shown that frost Penetration to 2 ft nearly doubles the vertical load on pipe with 4.5 ft of earth cover.