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Pretreatment of the Metropolitan Toronto Water Supply Utilizing Ferric Chloride
Author(s) -
Carnduff John A.
Publication year - 1976
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1976.tb02451.x
Subject(s) - alum , ferric , flocculation , chloride , precipitation , aluminium sulfate , water supply , water treatment , pulp and paper industry , mains electricity , environmental science , raw water , water quality , wastewater , chemistry , waste management , environmental engineering , inorganic chemistry , engineering , geography , organic chemistry , meteorology , ecology , electrical engineering , voltage , biology
The treatment of high pH raw water with alum has produced problems with post‐precipitation of aluminum complexes which clog mains. So a series of jar tests was initiated with ferric chloride to determine the effectiveness of flocculation and the quality of filtered water produced. Successful results led to testing on a plant scale at the smallest of Toronto's treatment facilities. Dosages of ferric chloride necessary to produce high‐quality water were smaller than required for alum treatment, but the cost savings effected are a function of fluctuating commodity prices, so plant design should allow the use of either compound.