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The Next Fifty Years in Water Purification
Author(s) -
Hazen Richard
Publication year - 1963
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1963.tb01094.x
Subject(s) - alum , water treatment , raw water , chlorine , reuse , environmental science , water softening , water quality , sedimentation , odor , waste management , coagulation , powdered activated carbon treatment , activated carbon , pulp and paper industry , environmental engineering , chemistry , softening , engineering , materials science , adsorption , geology , psychology , ecology , paleontology , organic chemistry , sediment , psychiatry , composite material , biology
This article discusses future trends in the water industry from the current year 1963 forward, and the conditions that will influence those trends. Maintaining existing water quality standards will be challenging because of declining raw water quality. The addition of fluoride to the water is widely supported. Changes in treatment practices will occur for alum and iron salts, the use of coagulants may be reduced by using polyelectrolytes, flotation may be used instead of sedimentation, and chlorine may replace coagulation for color removal. The use of filters in water treatment will expand, along with water reuse, water softening by ion exchange in hard water areas of the country, the use of activated carbon for taste and odor problems, the use of chlorine dioxide and ozone for severe chlorinous tastes, treatment of potentially harmful wastes including reduction of ABS, and controlling the buildup of dissolved solids or minerals.