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Cross‐Connection Hazards and Controls
Author(s) -
Shillinger William D.,
Fassnacht George G.
Publication year - 1960
Publication title -
journal ‐ american water works association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.466
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1551-8833
pISSN - 0003-150X
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8833.1960.tb00465.x
Subject(s) - backflow , connection (principal bundle) , engineering , aeronautics , mechanical engineering , inlet
This article begins by providing an example of a cross connection incident in 1923 at Fort Wayne, Indiana, that was responsible for that state being one of the first to regulate cross connections. In 1925, at the AWWA Annual Conference in Louisville, Kentucky, the Fire Protection Division of AWWA passed the first resolution against any physical connection between a public water supply and any other supply. Subsequent revisions to this resolution are discussed, along with cross connection incidents that have occurred in Indiana since 1945. Protective devices and their effectiveness are discussed, including the reduced‐pressure backflow preventer that offered more protection than the double check. The AWWA Joint Committee on Backflow Preventers published a report in December of 1958 that indicates the “reduced‐pressure backflow preventer can be accepted as a second line of defense, but it does not provide the complete protection needed.”