Premium
Meeting Chlorine Demand for Virgin Anthracite
Author(s) -
Vogel Jack,
Au KwokKeung,
Spatz John
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
opflow
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1551-8701
pISSN - 0149-8029
DOI - 10.1002/j.1551-8701.2009.tb02993.x
Subject(s) - anthracite , chlorine , carbon fibers , mixing (physics) , chlorine gas , oxide , environmental science , waste management , environmental engineering , materials science , engineering , coal , metallurgy , composite material , physics , quantum mechanics , composite number
This article discusses a study at the Chicago Department of Water Management's South Water Purification Plant to examine why chlorinated water contained no chlorine after passing through new anthracite‐over‐sand, dual filter media. A bench‐scale test was conducted to: confirm anthracite has a considerable chlorine demand; quantify the demand; and, identify ways to satisfy the demand quickly. Test procedures are presented, along with mixing techniques, and a thorough discussion of test results. The study concluded that with time, anthracite no longer consumed chlorine because of the interaction between chlorine and anthracite's carbon that occurred on grain surfaces and solid carbon oxide being produced at the grain surfaces as a result of the interaction. It appears that carbon oxide coats the anthracite grains and prevents further interaction.