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Factors affecting vegetation dieback of an oligohaline marsh in coastal Louisiana: Field manipulation of salinity and submergence
Author(s) -
Webb Eric C.,
Mendelssohn Irving A.
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
american journal of botany
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.218
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1537-2197
pISSN - 0002-9122
DOI - 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb13937.x
Subject(s) - marsh , wetland , salinity , salt marsh , edaphic , vegetation (pathology) , brackish marsh , biology , biomass (ecology) , plant community , ecology , environmental science , species richness , soil water , medicine , pathology
Vegetation dieback is an important component of wetland loss in low salinity marshes of coastal Louisiana. A field experiment was conducted to determine the factors responsible for vegetation dieback within oligohaline marshes of Louisiana. Sections of marsh, dominated by Sagittaria lancifolia L., were transplanted into one of four locations depending on the treatment: (1) increased submergence—sods were lowered 15 cm below the donor marsh surface, (2) increased salinity—sods were transplanted into a higher salinity marsh and adjacent dieback pond, (3) increased salinity and submergence—sods were transplanted into a higher salinity marsh and adjacent dieback pond at 15 cm below the marsh surface, and (4) control—sods were exhumed and replaced at the ambient elevation of the donor marsh. Plant biomass and edaphic characteristics were measured after 5 mo. An increase in submergence caused decreased plant growth of the S. lancifolia ‐dominated marsh community. An increase in salinities to 4–5 g/kg were not detrimental to plant growth. Although saltwater intrusion alone did not cause decreased growth of the S. lancifolia ‐dominnled plant community, the combination of saltwater intrusion and increased plant submergence caused the greatest decrease in plant growth due to increased toxic sulfides and a likely reduction in the uptake of NH 4 ‐N by the wetland vegetation. This illustrates that the dieback of oligohaline marsh vegetation can be alleviated by decreasing plant submergence even at salinities as high as 4.6 g/kg.