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EMBRYOLOGY AND KARYOMORPHOLOGY OF LACTORIDACEAE
Author(s) -
Tobe Hiroshi,
Stuessy Tod F.,
Raven Peter H.,
Oginuma Kazuo
Publication year - 1993
Publication title -
american journal of botany
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.218
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1537-2197
pISSN - 0002-9122
DOI - 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1993.tb15315.x
Subject(s) - biology , ovule , embryology , endosperm , evolutionary biology , integument , ancestor , anatomy , botany , genetics , embryo , history , archaeology
The embryology and karyomorphology of Lactoris fernandeziana, representing the monotypic family Lactoridaceae, were studied in an attempt to clarify its relationships. Embryologically, Lactoris is characterized by a combination of many generalized, plesiomorphic features, which are mostly shared with Magnoliales and partly shared with Laurales and Piperales, and some specialized, apomorphic features including a tenuinucellate ovule, a small nucellus with early disintegrating nucellar tissue, a nonmultiplicative outer integument, an endothelium, and haustorial endosperm. Karyomorphologically Lactoris is confirmed to have 2 n = 40 at metaphase, probably as a tetraploid of x = 10, and more or less distinctive features at inter‐ and prophase. Comparisons based on its embryological and karyomorphological features suggest that Lactoris is not closely related to any other family. Based on evidence from various sources, we hypothesize that an evolutionary line was derived from a common ancestor with Magnoliales, and then diverged into Lactoris, which retains many primitive magnolialean features, and Piperales (and possibly other groups) with more specialized characteristics. Lactoris seems best placed in its own order, Lactoridales, near Piperales.