ANALYSIS OF POLYPEPTIDES ASSOCIATED WITH SHOOT FORMATION IN TOBACCO CALLUS CULTURES

Callus lines of Nicotiana tabacum were selected for competence and lack of competence in shoot formation. Changes in total and chromosomal polypeptides in these shoot‐forming and nonshoot‐forming tobacco cultures were examined by twodimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Qualitative and quantitative differences in total, nonhistone chromosomal, and basic chromosomal polypeptides were evident throughout the 7‐d test period. The analysis of total proteins identified polypeptides specific to shoot‐forming and nonshoot‐forming tissue during the 7‐d sampling period. A small number of basic chromosomal proteins were found solely in shoot‐forming or nonshoot‐forming tissue. One basic chromosomal protein was detected in only nonshoot‐forming tissue at all sampling times. Two proteins, although present in shoot‐forming tissue, were present at elevated levels in the nonshoot‐forming cultures. No temporal changes in basic proteins over the 7‐d incubation period were observed. Qualitative differences in total nonhistone chromosomal polypeptides in the shoot‐forming and nonshoot‐forming tissue were also observed. Differences in chromosomal polypeptides were observed. In contrast to the basic chromosomal proteins, temporal variation in the nonhistone chromosomal polypeptides was demonstrated. Throughout the 7‐d sampling period, 29 and 12 nonhistone chromosomal polypeptides varied qualitatively in shoot‐forming and nonshoot‐forming callus cultures, respectively. In vitro labeling with 32 P‐orthophosphate indicated that approximately 1.0% and 0.3% of the nonhistone chromosomal proteins were phosphorylated in the shoot‐forming and nonshoot‐forming cultures. Of these phosphorylated polypeptides, one was present in nonshoot‐forming tissue and three were detected only in the shoot‐forming tissue. Phosphorylation occurred at serine or threonine residues.