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CYTOLOGICAL AND INTERFERTILITY RELATIONSHIPS OF ARACHIS SECTION ARACHIS
Author(s) -
Stalker H. T.,
Dhesi J. S.,
Parry D. C.,
Hahn J. H.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
american journal of botany
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.218
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1537-2197
pISSN - 0002-9122
DOI - 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1991.tb15751.x
Subject(s) - biology , arachis , ploidy , subspecies , genome , hybrid , botany , chromosome , arachis hypogaea , genetics , zoology , gene
Twenty‐nine recently introduced diploid (2 n = 2 x = 20) accessions of section Arachis plus an A. correntina (Burk) Krap. et Greg. nom. nud . control were hybridized to the diploid A‐genome species A. duranensis Krap. et Greg. nom. nud . (ace. 7988), the diploid B‐genome species A. batizocoi Krap. et Greg. (acc. 9484), and with two subspecies of the A‐B genome (2 n = 4 x = 40) A. hypogaea cultivars NC 4 and Argentine. Most attempted crosses were successful and the resulting plants were vigorous. However, A. batizocoi × accession 30008 hybrids died as seedlings and A. batizocoi × accession 30017 produced only dwarf plants. The 710 diploid F 1 s from A. batizocoi were generally sterile, while those from A. duranensis had fertility ranges from 5% to 84%. Meiotic chromosome relationships in diploid crosses were cytologically evaluated in 185 plants plus tester accessions. Most taxa in section Arachis have an A genome, only A. batizocoi accessions have a B genome, a D genome is represented by accessions 30091 and 30099, and two other genomic groups, represented by accessions 30011 and 30033, may be present in the section. Most cytological differentiation was found among species originally collected in southern and eastern Bolivia. On the other hand, species collected at the extremes of the distribution of section Arachis species (northern Argentina to north‐central Brazil) were cytologically very similar. Evidence is presented for speciation in Arachis being associated with both genetic differentiation and with translocated chromosomes. All taxa in the section except the D‐genome species are believed to be cross‐compatible with A. hypogaea , so germplasm introgression from most Arachis species should be possible.