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PHYTOTOXIC VOLATILES FROM TRICHOSTEMA LANCEOLATUM (LABIATAE)
Author(s) -
Heisey Rod M.,
Delwiche C. C.
Publication year - 1984
Publication title -
american journal of botany
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.218
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1537-2197
pISSN - 0002-9122
DOI - 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1984.tb14147.x
Subject(s) - allelopathy , biology , hordeum vulgare , botany , camphor , radicle , essential oil , bromus , setaria viridis , weed , terpene , phytotoxicity , horticulture , germination , poaceae , chemistry , biochemistry , organic chemistry
Trichostema lanceolatum Benth. (vinegar weed), an annual herb of the California grassland, contains 2.9 ml of volatile essential oil per 100 g of fresh foliage. Vapors from leaves and extracted oil inhibited growth of other plants in laboratory tests. Volatiles from 0.12–0.15 g green Trichostema leaf caused a 50% reduction in radicle elongation of Bromus mollis L. and Hordeum vulgare L. seeds in petri dishes. Vapors from 1.5 and 3.2 μl essential oil in sealed and non‐sealed dishes, respectively, had a similar effect on Hordeum seeds. Exposure of dry Bromus seeds for 1 day, and dry Hordeum seeds for 3 days, to volatiles from Trichostema foliage inhibited growth when the seeds were later moistened. The toxic volatiles had a high affinity for vegetable oil and were not readily removed from seeds by rinsing with water. The major volatile inhibitor from Trichostema was terpinen‐4‐ol. This monoterpene alcohol was about 0.3 and 1.9 times as inhibitory as camphor and 1,8‐cineole, terpenes that have previously been shown to influence vegetation patterning near Salvia leucophylla Greene shrubs. These results suggest Trichostema lanceolatum may also have allelopathic potential.