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BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SURFACTANTS. V. GROWTH AND ANTHOCYANIN PRODUCTION BY CALLUS CULTURES OF DIMORPHOTHECA
Author(s) -
Ernst Robert,
Ball Ernest A.,
Arditti Joseph
Publication year - 1982
Publication title -
american journal of botany
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.218
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1537-2197
pISSN - 0002-9122
DOI - 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1982.tb13381.x
Subject(s) - pulmonary surfactant , anthocyanin , callus , critical micelle concentration , micelle , alkyl , solubility , krafft temperature , sodium , biology , biochemistry , ethanol , chemistry , organic chemistry , nuclear chemistry , food science , botany , aqueous solution
Effects of five homologous series of amphoteric, anionic, and nonionic surfactants on growth and anthocyanin production by callus cultures of Dimorphotheca sinuata were examined. The phytotoxicity of amphoteric sulfobetaines increased with alkyl chain length and reached a plateau at 14 to 16 carbon atoms. In the case of the anionic sodium alkyl sulfates, the dodecyl derivative caused the greatest inhibition. Higher molecular weight ionic detergents were less toxic, probably due to their high Krafft temperatures and concomitant reduced solubility. The nonionic higher alcohol ethoxylates were generally less inhibitory than the ionic detergents and had little or no effect below their critical micelle concentrations. Fresh weights of tissues and anthocyanin production by Dimorphotheca callus cultures declined with increasing surfactant concentrations.