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A GAL family of upstream activating sequences in yeast: roles in both induction and repression of transcription.
Author(s) -
Bram R.J.,
Lue N.F.,
Kornberg R.D.
Publication year - 1986
Publication title -
the embo journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 7.484
H-Index - 392
eISSN - 1460-2075
pISSN - 0261-4189
DOI - 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04253.x
Subject(s) - biology , psychological repression , yeast , genetics , transcription (linguistics) , transcription factor , saccharomyces cerevisiae , microbiology and biotechnology , upstream activating sequence , gene , gene expression , enhancer , linguistics , philosophy
Binding sites for the GAL4‐positive regulatory protein have been identified upstream of six galactose‐inducible genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the basis of (i) protection in DNAse I footprints, (ii) loss of protection when excess GAL4‐binding oligonucleotide is added and (iii) homology with a 23‐bp dyad‐symmetric consensus sequence. Many of the binding sites have been shown to function as upstream activating sequences. The number of binding sites upstream of the various genes ranges from one to four, but a feature is conserved: in cases of multiple sites there is a pair with highest binding affinity located at dyad‐‐dyad distances of 82‐‐87 bp. We suggest that a pair of sites facilitates repression by the GAL80‐negative regulatory protein, on the basis of (i) a correlation of a pair of sites (or only one) with full (or only partial) repression and (ii) the introduction of a second site abolishing transcription occurring with one.