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Tumor necrosis factor, lymphotoxin and cancer
Author(s) -
Drutskaya Marina S.,
Efimov Grigory A.,
Kruglov Andrey A.,
Kuprash Dmitry V.,
Nedospasov Sergei A.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
iubmb life
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.132
H-Index - 113
eISSN - 1521-6551
pISSN - 1521-6543
DOI - 10.1002/iub.309
Subject(s) - lymphotoxin , tumor necrosis factor alpha , lymphotoxin beta receptor , biology , immune system , immunology , receptor , lymphotoxin alpha , innate immune system , cancer , signal transduction , microbiology and biotechnology , cancer research , effector , function (biology) , genetics
Initially TNF has been discovered as an anti‐tumor factor, but it is now considered as one of the universal effectors of innate signaling implicating its key role in host defense and inflammation. Other physiological functions of TNF are primarily linked to organization of lymphoid tissues. TNF can exert deleterious effects on the organism when its local or systemic concentrations exceed certain levels. This is the main reason for the failure of TNF therapy in oncology. Moreover, in certain experimental models TNF to TNFRp55 signaling axis was found to play a pro‐tumorigenic role. On the other hand, anti‐TNF therapy proved to be beneficial in rheumatic and other autoimmune diseases. Taking into consideration the pivotal function of TNF in the immune system, it is obvious that such therapy cannot be entirely free of adverse effects including suppression of host defense and, possibly, predisposition to lymphomas. Lymphotoxins alpha and beta are the two related cytokines that exist in distinct trimeric forms which can signal through TNFR I and TNFR II, as well LTbetaR receptors, depending on the composition of the trimer. These signals have important functions in the development and homeostasis of the immune system. Importantly, there is a recently uncovered link between the LTalpha/LTbeta to LTbetaR signaling axis and cancer. Here we review the current status of the field with the focus on one particular issue: are TNF and lymphotoxins intrinsically anti‐cancer or pro‐tumorigenic. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(4): 283–289, 2010