Premium
Role of Carbamylated Biomolecules in Human Diseases
Author(s) -
Badar Asim,
Arif Zarina,
Alam Khursheed
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
iubmb life
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.132
H-Index - 113
eISSN - 1521-6551
pISSN - 1521-6543
DOI - 10.1002/iub.1732
Subject(s) - biomolecule , computational biology , chemistry , nanotechnology , biology , biochemistry , materials science
Carbamylation (or carbamoylation) is a non‐enzymatic modification of biomolecules mediated by cyanate, a dissociation product of urea. Proteins are more sensitive to carbamylation. Two major sites of carbamylation reaction are: N α ‐amino moiety of a protein N‐terminus and the N ɛ ‐amino moiety of proteins’ lysine residues. In kidney diseases, urea accumulates and the burden of carbamylation increases. This may lead to alteration in the structure and function of many important proteins relevant in maintenance of homeostasis. Carbamylated proteins namely, carbamylated‐haemoglobin and carbamylated‐low density lipoprotein (LDL) have been implicated in hypoxia and atherosclerosis, respectively. Furthermore, carbamylation of insulin, oxytocin, and erythropoietin have caused changes in the action of these hormones vis‐à‐vis the metabolic pathways they control. In this short review, authors have compiled the data on role of carbamylated proteins, enzymes, hormones, LDL, and so on, in human diseases. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(4):267–275, 2018