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Biochemical and structural aspects of the ATP‐binding domain in inflammasome‐forming human NLRP proteins
Author(s) -
MacDonald Justin A.,
Wijekoon Champa P.,
Liao KuoChieh,
Muruve Daniel A.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
iubmb life
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.132
H-Index - 113
eISSN - 1521-6551
pISSN - 1521-6543
DOI - 10.1002/iub.1210
Subject(s) - pyrin domain , inflammasome , subfamily , biology , cyclic nucleotide binding domain , homology modeling , computational biology , homology (biology) , sequence alignment , binding site , microbiology and biotechnology , peptide sequence , receptor , genetics , biochemistry , amino acid , gene , enzyme
Nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat‐containing receptors (NLRs) regulate innate immunity by activating inflammatory responses in a variety of biological systems following the recognition of pathogen‐ or disease‐associated molecular patterns. NLRs are characterized by a central nucleotide‐binding and oligomerization (NACHT) domain found in P‐loop NTPases. In this review, we detail the functional and structural properties of the NACHT domain of a subfamily of NLRs, the NLRPs (NLR containing a pyrin domain), based on previous studies, sequence analysis, homology modeling, and structure predictions. Several NLRPs have been found to regulate inflammatory responses through the assembly of oligomeric caspase 1‐activating platforms known as inflammasomes, the 3‐dimensional structure of the NLRP NACHT domain has still not been solved. Homology modeling suggests that sequence variability within the NACHT domains of different NLRP family members may alter the topology of the ATP‐binding pocket. Based on this finding, we discuss the potential therapeutic prospects aligned with the NACHT domain and the development of selective inhibitors of inflammasome activity. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(10):851–862, 2013