Seed mixtures of red fescue and colonial, creeping, or velvet bentgrass for pesticide‐free management of Nordic golf greens

This research aimed to determine if creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera L.) can be used as an alternative to colonial bentgrass ( Agrostis capillaris L.) in a mixture with red fescue [equal rates of Chewings fescue ( Festuca rubra ssp . commutata Gaud.) and slender creeping red fescue ( Festuca rubra ssp . littoralis [G. Mey.] Auquier)] on Nordic golf greens managed without pesticides. The two mixtures were compared in two experiments: Experiment 1 under the creeping bentgrass management regime (mowing height, 3 mm; fertilization, 15 g N m −2  yr −1 ) and Experiment 2 under the red fescue management regime (5 mm and 10 g N m −2  yr −1 ) at three sites during 2015–2018. A seed mixture of red fescue and velvet bentgrass ( Agrostis canina L.) was included in Experiment 2 only. The results showed that red fescue plus creeping bentgrass produced greens of equal turfgrass quality and with less Microdochium patch than red fescue plus colonial bentgrass under both regimes. In Experiment 2, red fescue plus velvet bentgrass resulted in higher turfgrass quality than the other mixtures but was more susceptible to Microdochium patch than red fescue plus creeping bentgrass. Tiller counts in the mixed plots at Landvik showed that red fescue was not outcompeted by bentgrass in any of the mixtures and that it was easier to manipulate the balance between red fescue and bentgrass in the mixture with creeping bentgrass than that with colonial bentgrass. More research should be put into optimal management, especially irrigation and thatch control, of mixed red fescue–bentgrass greens.