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Drainage under increasing and changing requirements
Author(s) -
Schultz Bart,
Zimmer Daniel,
Vlotman Willem F.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
irrigation and drainage
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.421
H-Index - 38
eISSN - 1531-0361
pISSN - 1531-0353
DOI - 10.1002/ird.372
Subject(s) - drainage , watertable control , irrigation , water resource management , temperate climate , environmental science , hydrology (agriculture) , soil salinity , geography , soil water , engineering , ecology , geotechnical engineering , biology , soil science
This year the Working Group on Drainage of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) celebrates its 25th anniversary. This paper reviews the development of drainage for three different agro‐climatic zones, i.e. the temperate (humid), the arid/semi‐arid and the humid/semi‐humid zones. Drainage is referred to as crop‐season drainage, off‐season drainage, intermediate drainage and salt drainage. Its specific properties, requirements, socio‐economic functions and environmental implications are considered. Global statistics on the areas with and without irrigation and drainage are presented as well as the outlook of anticipated drainage developments in the future. The role of drainage in global food production is illustrated. Drainage design criteria over these last 25 years have evolved from the dual objectives of draining waterlogged agricultural lands and controlling soil salinity, to multi‐criteria objectives that include the original criteria, satisfying more stringent environmental and water quality criteria, involve multi‐stakeholder participation and social benefits, and satisfy economic criteria. Interaction with urban drainage and flood protection has also become an essential part in design considerations. Most importantly the designs need to be sustainable. This article briefly describes the evolution of these various aspects over the last 25 years. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.