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Trusted audit with untrusted auditors: A decentralized data integrity Crowdauditing approach based on blockchain
Author(s) -
Chen Haiwen,
Zhou Huan,
Yu Jiaping,
Wu Kui,
Liu Fang,
Zhou Tongqing,
Cai Zhiping
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
international journal of intelligent systems
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.291
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1098-111X
pISSN - 0884-8173
DOI - 10.1002/int.22548
Subject(s) - computer science , audit , cloud computing , computer security , enhanced data rates for gsm evolution , blockchain , incentive , credibility , crowdsourcing , external auditor , accounting , internal audit , business , operating system , telecommunications , world wide web , economics , political science , law , microeconomics
Edge computing emerges as an alternative to cloud computing in the scenarios where the end devices require lower latency and faster access speeds. Edge nodes are deployed at the proximity of the end devices to reduce response time. On the other hand, the edge nodes are usually owned by small organizations that have limited operations and maintenance capabilities. Data on the edge may be easily damaged, due to external attacks or internal hardware failures. Therefore, it is essential to verify data integrity in edge computing. However, edge environment requires a different trust model compared with other computing and storage paradigm. Besides, compared with cloud storage, edge storage is decentralized and storage service participants may pose greater internal and external threats. This paper proposes a blockchain‐based intelligent crowdsourcing audit approach (Crowdauditing) to achieve on‐chain and off‐chain credibility of audit results. The model relies on an untrusted auditor committee from the crowd to audit data integrity and uses smart contracts as the core of the intelligent system to ensure the reliability of result submission, the accuracy of the result judgment, and reasonable punishments and rewards. Specifically, an unbiased selection algorithm is proposed to achieve fairness during the auditor committee construction. An innovative two‐stage submission strategy is proposed to ensure that the auditor committee can reach a consensus on the off‐chain audit results. An incentive mechanism is carefully designed to force auditors providing audit services honestly to maximize their own rewards. Moreover, we modeled that as a game of n players, which proves the reliability of the result. Finally, we implement a prototype of Crowdauditing based on smart contracts. The extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of Crowdauditing.