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Etiology of preschool behavior problems: Contributions of temperament attributes in early childhood
Author(s) -
Gartstein Maria A.,
Putnam Samuel P.,
Rothbart Mary K.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
infant mental health journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.693
H-Index - 75
eISSN - 1097-0355
pISSN - 0163-9641
DOI - 10.1002/imhj.21312
Subject(s) - temperament , psychology , developmental psychology , moderation , toddler , sadness , trait , reactivity (psychology) , affect (linguistics) , personality , emotionality , early childhood , anger , clinical psychology , social psychology , medicine , alternative medicine , communication , pathology , computer science , programming language
The present study was conducted to examine the contributions of early appearing temperament attributes to toddler and preschool‐age behavior problems. High levels of negative emotionality and low levels of effortful control were linked to both externalizing and internalizing difficulties. All fine‐grained dimensions of negative affect were concurrently associated with internalizing problems whereas relations between components of negative affect and externalizing were observed only for frustration, sadness, and low falling reactivity. Higher surgency was associated with increased risk for externalizing behaviors whereas low surgency increased the likelihood of internalizing problems. Trait‐by‐trait moderation occurred, such that negative emotionality was most closely related to behavior problems when orienting/regulatory capacity or effortful control was low or when infant surgency was high. Results of this study have implications for theory linking temperament and psychopathology, and clinical applications utilizing temperament assessment to prevent behavior problems.