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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: From Mechanisms to Applications
Author(s) -
Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
israel journal of chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.908
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1869-5868
pISSN - 0021-2148
DOI - 10.1002/ijch.201100101
Subject(s) - atom transfer radical polymerization , chemistry , polymerization , polymer , copolymer , catalysis , polymer chemistry , reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer polymerization , reactivity (psychology) , radical polymerization , living free radical polymerization , homogeneous , copper , organic chemistry , medicine , physics , thermodynamics , alternative medicine , pathology
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is currently one of the most often used synthetic polymerization methods to prepare well‐defined polymers with complex architecture. This review covers some fundamentals of copper‐based ATRP, presents basic structure–reactivity correlation for initiators and catalyst complexes and discusses the radical nature of reactive intermediates. New ATRP initiating processes with ppm amounts of copper catalysts and various reducing agents are described together with recent electrochemically controlled ATRP and polymerization in aqueous homogeneous and dispersed media. Examples of polymers with precisely controlled architecture are presented together with the effect of variable amounts of catalysts on molecular weight distribution and morphology of nanostructured block copolymers. Some current and forthcoming applications of polymers made by ATRP are presented.