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The Persistence of p, d, f and g Orbitals in Compounds
Author(s) -
Jørgensen Christian K.
Publication year - 1980
Publication title -
israel journal of chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.908
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1869-5868
pISSN - 0021-2148
DOI - 10.1002/ijch.198000019
Subject(s) - chemistry , atomic orbital , open shell , electron , atom (system on chip) , spectral line , atomic physics , quantum number , atomic number , shell (structure) , kinetic energy , electron shell , symmetry (geometry) , lanthanide , quantum mechanics , ion , physics , geometry , materials science , mathematics , organic chemistry , ionization , computer science , composite material , embedded system
The evidence for a definite number of electrons occurring in a partly filled shell (consisting of f or d‐like orbitals) in gaseous molecules and in condensed matter (including metallic lanthanides) is reviewed, based on the analysis of atomic spectra. Comparison is made with competing descriptions (mainly useful outside the transition‐groups), and inner shells are discussed, accompanied by recent evidence from photo‐electron spectra. The importance of the local kinetic energy, and of the total symmetry of closed shells as the neutral element of Hund vector‐coupling, is emphasized. Critical analysis is made of real angular functions, Schrödinger's equation written on conservative form, and of the cardinal number K of electrons in an atom as an approximate quantum number (like S ) in compounds.