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Associations of coffee and tea consumption with lung cancer risk
Author(s) -
Zhu Jingjing,
SmithWarner Stephanie A.,
Yu Danxia,
Zhang Xuehong,
Blot William J.,
Xiang YongBing,
Sinha Rashmi,
Park Yikyung,
Tsugane Shoichiro,
White Emily,
Koh WoonPuay,
Park Sue K.,
Sawada Norie,
Kanemura Seiki,
Sugawara Yumi,
Tsuji Ichiro,
Robien Kim,
Tomata Yasutake,
Yoo KeunYoung,
Kim Jeongseon,
Yuan JianMin,
Gao YuTang,
Rothman Nathaniel,
Lazovich DeAnn,
Abe Sarah K.,
Rahman Md Shafiur,
Loftfield Erikka,
Takata Yumie,
Li Xin,
Lee Jung Eun,
Saito Eiko,
Freedman Neal D.,
Inoue Manami,
Lan Qing,
Willett Walter C.,
Zheng Wei,
Shu XiaoOu
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.33445
Subject(s) - medicine , lung cancer , hazard ratio , confounding , proportional hazards model , confidence interval , black tea , prospective cohort study , cancer , demography , food science , biology , sociology
Abstract Associations of coffee and tea consumption with lung cancer risk have been inconsistent, and most lung cancer cases investigated were smokers. Included in this study were over 1.1 million participants from 17 prospective cohorts. Cox regression analyses were conducted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential effect modifications by sex, smoking, race, cancer subtype and coffee type were assessed. After a median 8.6 years of follow‐up, 20 280 incident lung cancer cases were identified. Compared with noncoffee and nontea consumption, HRs (95% CIs) associated with exclusive coffee drinkers (≥2 cups/d) among current, former and never smokers were 1.30 (1.15‐1.47), 1.49 (1.27‐1.74) and 1.35 (1.15‐1.58), respectively. Corresponding HRs for exclusive tea drinkers (≥2 cups/d) were 1.16 (1.02‐1.32), 1.10 (0.92‐1.32) and 1.37 (1.17‐1.61). In general, the coffee and tea associations did not differ significantly by sex, race or histologic subtype. Our findings suggest that higher consumption of coffee or tea is associated with increased lung cancer risk. However, these findings should not be assumed to be causal because of the likelihood of residual confounding by smoking, including passive smoking, and change of coffee and tea consumption after study enrolment.