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Proinflammatory diet is associated with increased risk of squamous cell head and neck cancer
Author(s) -
Mazul Angela L.,
Shivappa Nitin,
Hébert James R.,
Steck Susan E.,
RodriguezOrmaza Nidia,
Weissler Mark,
Olshan Andrew F.,
Zevallos Jose P.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.31555
Subject(s) - medicine , quartile , odds ratio , confidence interval , head and neck squamous cell carcinoma , proinflammatory cytokine , absolute risk reduction , cancer , case control study , population , head and neck cancer , risk factor , inflammation , environmental health
Diets high in fruits and vegetables and low in red meat intake have been associated with decreased risk of head and neck cancer. Additionally, chronic inflammation pathways and their association with cancer have been widely described. We hypothesized a proinflammatory diet, as measured by the dietary inflammatory index (DII ® ), is associated with increased risk of head and neck cancer. We used the Carolina Head and Neck Cancer (CHANCE) study, a population‐based case–control study of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cases were recruited from a 46‐county region in central North Carolina. Controls, frequency‐matched on age, race, and sex were identified through the North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicle records. The DII score, adjusted for energy using the density approach (E‐DII), was calculated from a food frequency questionnaire and split into four quartiles based on the distribution among controls. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with unconditional logistic regression. Cases had higher E‐DII scores (i.e., a more proinflammatory diet) compared with controls (mean: −0.14 vs . −1.50; p value < 0.001). When compared with the lowest quartile, the OR for the highest quartile was 2.91 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.16–3.95), followed by 1.93 (95% CI: 1.43–2.62) for the third quartile, and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.00–1.89) for the second quartile. Both alcohol and smoking had a significant additive interaction with E‐DII (smoking relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI): 2.83; 95% CI: 1.36–4.30 and alcohol RERI: 1.75; 95% CI: 0.77–2.75). These results provide additional evidence for the association between proinflammatory diet and head and neck cancer.