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A pooled analysis of post‐diagnosis lifestyle factors in association with late estrogen‐receptor–positive breast cancer prognosis
Author(s) -
Nechuta Sarah,
Chen Wendy Y.,
Cai Hui,
Poole Elizabeth M.,
Kwan Marilyn L.,
Flatt Shirley W.,
Patterson Ruth E.,
Pierce John P.,
Caan Bette J.,
Ou Shu Xiao
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.29940
Subject(s) - medicine , breast cancer , hazard ratio , confounding , body mass index , proportional hazards model , estrogen receptor , obesity , cancer , prospective cohort study , oncology , metabolic equivalent , gynecology , confidence interval , physical activity , physical therapy
Lifestyle factors have been well studied in relation to breast cancer prognosis overall; however, associations of lifestyle and late outcomes (>5 years after diagnosis) have been much less studied, and no studies have focused on estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) breast cancer survivors, who may have high risk of late recurrence and mortality. We utilized a large prospective pooling study to evaluate the associations of lifestyle factors with late recurrence and all‐cause mortality among 6,295 5‐year ER+ Stage I–III breast cancer survivors. Pooled and harmonized data were available on clinical factors and lifestyle factors (pre‐ to post‐diagnosis weight change, body mass index (BMI) (kg/m 2 ), recreational physical activity, alcohol intake and smoking history), measured on average 2.1 years after diagnosis. Updated information for weight only was available. Study heterogeneity was evaluated by the Q‐statistic. Multivariable Cox regression models were stratified by study. Adjusting for clinical factors and potential confounders, ≥10% weight gain and obesity (BMI, 30–34.99 and ≥35) were associated with increased risk of late recurrence (hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals): 1.24 (1.00–1.53), 1.40 (1.05–1.86) and 1.41 (1.02–1.93), respectively). Daily alcohol intake was associated with late recurrence, 1.28 (1.01–1.62). Physical activity was inversely associated with late all‐cause mortality (0.81 (0.71–0.93) and 0.71 (0.61–0.82) for 4.9 to <17.4 and ≥17.4 metabolic equivalent‐hr/week). A U‐shaped association was observed for late all‐cause mortality and BMI using updated weight (1.42 (1.15–1.74) and 1.40 (1.09–1.81), <21.5 and ≥35, respectively). Smoking was associated with increased risk of late outcomes. In this large prospective pooling project, modifiable lifestyle factors were associated with late outcomes among long‐term ER+ breast cancer survivors.