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International renal‐cell cancer study. IV. Occupation
Author(s) -
Mandel Jack S.,
McLaughlin Joseph K.,
Schlehofer Brigitte,
Mellemgaard Anders,
Helmert Uwe,
Lindblad Per,
McCredie Margaret,
Adami HansOlov
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.2910610503
Subject(s) - relative risk , asbestos , medicine , confidence interval , population , confounding , cancer , surgery , environmental health , metallurgy , materials science
The relationship between renal‐cell cancer (RCC) and occupation was investigated in an international multicenter population‐based case‐control study. Study centers in Australia, Denmark, Germany, Sweden and the United States interviewed 1732 incident RCC cases and 2309 controls. Significant associations were found with employment in the blast‐furnace or the coke‐oven industry [relative risk (RR), 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1–2.7], the iron and steel industry (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2–2.2) and exposure to asbestos (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.8), cadmium (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0–3.9), dry‐cleaning solvents (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.7), gasoline (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2–2.0) and other petroleum products (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3–2.1). Asbestos, petroleum products and dry‐cleaning solvents appear to merit further investigation, in view of the relationship between risk and duration of employment or exposure and after adjustment for confounding. There was a negative association between RCC and education, but it was not consistent across all centers. Overall, the results of our multicenter case‐control study suggest that occupation may be more important in the etiology of RCC than indicated by earlier studies. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc .