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Reproductive history and breast cancer in a population of high fertility, Costa Rica, 1984–85
Author(s) -
RoseroBixby Luis,
Oberle Mark W.,
Lee Nancy C.
Publication year - 1987
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.2910400606
Subject(s) - breast cancer , parity (physics) , medicine , fertility , gynecology , demography , obstetrics , population , relative risk , pregnancy , cancer , confidence interval , environmental health , biology , physics , particle physics , sociology , genetics
The relationship between breast cancer and women's reproductive history in Costa Rica was analyzed using logistic regression methods on data from 171 breast cancer cases and 826 population‐based controls aged 25–58 years. The risk of breast cancer in nulliparous women under age 45 was 3 times that for parous women in the same age group. Women over 44 years of age with a parity greater than 4 had a risk of breast cancer of 0.3 compared to women of the same age but with a parity of 1–4. Neither breast‐feeding nor birth interval showed an overall association with breast cancer independent of parity. Women with early age at first birth had a lower relative risk of breast cancer than women aged 20–24 at first birth, but only in two subgroups—women aged 45 and over and women with parity 1–4. Women without a completed pregnancy in the last 20 years had an elevated relative risk. However, results are not conclusive because some information is probably distorted by recall errors. Declines in fertility rates in the 1960s and 1970s may result in an increase of 30% in breast cancer incidence in Costa Rica between 1980 and the year 2000, according to the relative risks found in this study. In contrast, the effect of childlessness will probably not produce significant changes in national breast cancer trends.