Occupation and bladder cancer in males: A case‐control study

A case‐control study of 512 male cases of bladder cancer and 596 male hospital controls (all living in the province of Turin, Northern Italy, an area with a high proportion of car workers) has been analyzed for occupations. Relative risks were 1.8 (95% c.1. 0.9–3.6) for the textile industry, 3.8 (1.3–11.5) for the leather industry, 1.8 (0.8–4.0) for printing, 8.8 (2.7–28.6) for dyestuff production, 1.2 (0.6–2.4) for tire production and 2.5 (1.0–6.0) for other rubber goods, 2.0 (0.9–4.5) for brickyards and related activities. A relative risk of 3.1 (0.9–10.5) was found for turners having started work before 1940 and with at least 10 years of activity. For truck drivers the relative risk was 1.2 (0.6–2.5). A job‐exposure matrix was developed for the development of new hypotheses; an association with bladder cancer was found for aromatic amines only. The attributable risk percent in the population was estimated as 10%, when only those occupations consistently associated with bladder cancer were considered.