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Augmented immunogenicity of tumor cell membranes produced by surface budding viruses: Parameters of optimal immunization
Author(s) -
Gillette Ronald W.,
Boone Charles W.
Publication year - 1976
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.2910180211
Subject(s) - membrane , virus , budding , immunogenicity , virology , immunization , vesicular stomatitis virus , adjuvant , inoculation , orthomyxoviridae , biology , influenza a virus , antigen , immunology , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics
Membranes prepared from tumor cells infected with surface budding viruses are much more immunogenic than membranes from uninfected tumor cells. Factors affecting immunization with membranes from virusinfected tumor cells were studied. Preparations made with influenza virus were clearly superior to those prepared with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Membranes infected with VSV were maximally immunogenic at a dose equivalent to a 10% cell pack whereas influenza‐virus‐infected membranes were immunogenic at 1/100th of this dose. Subcutaneous inoculation was better than other routes of administration. Maximum protection against challenge with viable tumor cells was afforded by two inoculations of VSV‐infected membranes spaced 3 days apart or a single inoculation with influenza‐virus‐infected membranes. Administration of membranes in complete Freund's adjuvant either had no effect or induced a slight degree of tumor enhancement. Immunization with influenza‐virus‐infected membranes significantly reduced tumor size and incidence even at a challenge dose of tumor cells which was 50 times the LD 100 .