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Comparative chemical analysis of indian bidi and American cigarette smoke
Author(s) -
Hoffmann D.,
Sanghvi L. D.,
Wynder E. L.
Publication year - 1974
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.2910140107
Subject(s) - smoke , cigarette smoke , carcinogen , sidestream smoke , hydrogen cyanide , chemistry , lung cancer , areca , third hand smoke , medicine , toxicology , food science , biology , organic chemistry , pathology , structural engineering , nut , engineering
Human data suggest an association between bidi smoking and cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus and lung. The mainstream smoke of a popular Indian bidi and a popular US non‐filter cigarette were analyzed. Compared to cigarette smoke, bidi smoke has a high content of several toxic agents such as carbon monoxide (7.7 vs 3.5 vol. %), ammonia (284 vs 180 μg), hydrogen cyanide (903 vs 445 μg), phenol (250 vs 150 μg), other volatile phenols (264 vs 173 μg) and carcinogenic hydrocarbons, benz[a]anthracene (117 vs 81 μg) and benzo[a]pyrene (78 vs 47 ng). These chemical data suggest that the smoke of bidis has a carcinogenic activity and underline the need for bioassaying this inhalant.