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Active and passive cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk: Results from the EPIC cohort
Author(s) -
Dossus Laure,
BoutronRuault MarieChristine,
Kaaks Rudolf,
Gram Inger T.,
Vilier Alice,
Fervers Béatrice,
Manjer Jonas,
Tjonneland Anne,
Olsen Anja,
Overvad Kim,
ChangClaude Jenny,
Boeing Heiner,
Steffen Annika,
Trichopoulou Antonia,
Lagiou Pagona,
Sarantopoulou Maria,
Palli Domenico,
Berrino Franco,
Tumino Rosario,
Vineis Paolo,
Mattiello Amalia,
BuenodeMesquita H. Bas,
Duijnhoven Franzel J.B.,
Bakker Marieke F.,
Peeters Petra HM,
Weiderpass Elisabete,
Bjerkaas Eivind,
Braaten Tonje,
Menéndez Virginia,
Agudo Antonio,
Sanchez MariaJose,
Amiano Pilar,
Tormo MariaJose,
Barricarte Aurelio,
Butt Salma,
Khaw KayTee,
Wareham Nicholas,
Key Tim J.,
Travis Ruth C.,
Rinaldi Sabina,
McCormack Valerie,
Romieu Isabelle,
Cox David G.,
Norat Teresa,
Riboli Elio,
ClavelChapelon Françoise
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.28508
Subject(s) - epidemiology , medicine , breast cancer , population , gerontology , cancer , library science , environmental health , computer science
Recent cohort studies suggest that increased breast cancer risks were associated with longer smoking duration, higher pack‐years and a dose‐response relationship with increasing pack‐years of smoking between menarche and first full‐term pregnancy (FFTP). Studies with comprehensive quantitative life‐time measures of passive smoking suggest an association between passive smoking dose and breast cancer risk. We conducted a study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition to examine the association between passive and active smoking and risk of invasive breast cancer and possible effect modification by known breast cancer risk factors. Among the 322,988 women eligible for the study, 9,822 developed breast cancer (183,608 women with passive smoking information including 6,264 cases). When compared to women who never smoked and were not being exposed to passive smoking at home or work at the time of study registration, current, former and currently exposed passive smokers were at increased risk of breast cancer (hazard ratios (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] 1.16 [1.05–1.28], 1.14 [1.04–1.25] and 1.10 [1.01–1.20], respectively). Analyses exploring associations in different periods of life showed the most important increase in risk with pack‐years from menarche to FFTP (1.73 [1.29–2.32] for every increase of 20 pack‐years) while pack‐years smoked after menopause were associated with a significant decrease in breast cancer risk (HR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34–0.82 for every increase of 20 pack‐years). Our results provide an important replication, in the largest cohort to date, that smoking (passively or actively) increases breast cancer risk and that smoking between menarche and FFTP is particularly deleterious.