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Molecular characterization of anastrozole resistance in breast cancer: Pivotal role of the Akt/mTOR pathway in the emergence of de novo or acquired resistance and importance of combining the allosteric Akt inhibitor MK‐2206 with an aromatase inhibitor
Author(s) -
Vilquin Paul,
Villedieu Marie,
Grisard Evelyne,
Larbi Sabrina Ben,
Ghayad Sandra E.,
Heudel PierreEtienne,
Bachelot Thomas,
Corbo Laura,
Treilleux Isabelle,
Vendrell Julie A.,
Cohen Pascale A.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.28182
Subject(s) - anastrozole , pi3k/akt/mtor pathway , protein kinase b , aromatase , aromatase inhibitor , cancer research , estrogen receptor , medicine , pharmacology , breast cancer , biology , cancer , signal transduction , microbiology and biotechnology
Acquisition of resistance to aromatase inhibitors (AIs) remains a major drawback in the treatment of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)‐positive breast cancers. The Res‐Ana cells, a new model of acquired resistance to anastrozole, were established by long‐term exposure of aromatase‐overexpressing MCF‐7 cells to this drug. These resistant cells developed ER‐independent mechanisms of resistance and decreased sensitivity to the AI letrozole or to ERα antagonists. They also displayed a constitutive activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and a deregulated expression of several ErbB receptors. An observed increase in the phospho‐Akt/Akt ratio between primary and matched recurrent breast tumors of patients who relapsed under anastrozole adjuvant therapy also argued for a pivotal role of the Akt pathway in acquired resistance to anastrozole. Ectopic overexpression of constitutively active Akt1 in control cells was sufficient to induce de novo resistance to anastrozole. Strikingly, combining anastrozole with the highly selective and allosteric Akt inhibitor MK‐2206 or with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin increased sensitivity to this AI in the control cells and was sufficient to overcome resistance and restore sensitivity to endocrine therapy in the resistant cells. Our findings lead to us proposing a model of anastrozole‐acquired resistance based on the selection of cancer‐initiating‐like cells possessing self‐renewing properties, intrinsic resistance to anastrozole and sensitivity to MK‐2206. Altogether, our work demonstrated that the Akt/mTOR pathway plays a key role in resistance to anastrozole and that combining anastrozole with Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors represents a promising strategy in the clinical management of hormone‐dependent breast cancer patients.