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Variety in vegetable and fruit consumption and risk of bladder cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Author(s) -
Büchner Frederike L.,
BuenodeMesquita H. Bas,
Ros Martine M.,
Kampman Ellen,
Egevad Lars,
Overvad Kim,
Tjønneland Anne,
Roswall Nina,
ClavelChapelon Françoise,
BoutronRuault MarieChristine,
Touillaud Marina,
Kaaks Rudolf,
ChangClaude Jenny,
Boeing Heiner,
Weikert Steffen,
Trichopoulou Antonia,
Naska Ada,
Benetou Vicky,
Palli Domenico,
Sieri Sabina,
Vineis Paolo,
Tumino Rosario,
Panico Salvatore,
van Duijnhoven Fränzel J.B.,
Peeters Petra H.M.,
van Gils Carla H.,
Lund Eiliv,
Gram Inger T.,
Sánchez MariaJosé,
Jakszyn Paula,
Larrañaga Nerea,
Ardanaz Eva,
Navarro Carmen,
Rodríguez Laudina,
Manjer Jonas,
Ehrnström Roy,
Hallmans Göran,
Ljungberg Börje,
Key Tim J.,
Allen Naomi E.,
Khaw KayTee,
Wareham Nicholas,
Slimani Nadia,
Jenab Mazda,
Boffetta Paolo,
Kiemeney Lambertus A.L.M,
Riboli Elio
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.25636
Subject(s) - european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition , hazard ratio , bladder cancer , medicine , prospective cohort study , proportional hazards model , cancer , confidence interval , consumption (sociology) , lower risk , incidence (geometry) , environmental health , social science , physics , sociology , optics
Recent research does not show an association between fruit and vegetable consumption and bladder cancer risk. None of these studies investigated variety in fruit and vegetable consumption, which may capture different aspects of consumption. We investigated whether a varied consumption of vegetables and fruits is associated with bladder cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Detailed data on food consumption and complete follow‐up for cancer incidence were available for 452,185 participants, who were recruited from ten European countries. After a mean follow‐up of 8.7 years, 874 participants were diagnosed with bladder cancer. Diet diversity scores (DDSs) were used to quantify the variety in fruit and vegetable consumption. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the effect of the DDSs on bladder cancer risk. There was no evidence of a statistically significant association between bladder cancer risk and any of the DDSs when these scores were considered as continuous covariates. However, the hazard ratio (HR) for the highest tertile of the DDS for combined fruit and vegetable consumption was marginally significant compared to the lowest (HR = 1.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.69, p ‐trend = 0.05). In EPIC, there is no clear association between a varied fruit and vegetable consumption and bladder cancer risk. This finding provides further evidence for the absence of any strong association between fruit and vegetable consumption as measured by a food frequency questionnaire and bladder cancer risk.