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No association between fruit, vegetables, antioxidant nutrients and risk of renal cell carcinoma
Author(s) -
Bertoia Monica,
Albanes Demetrius,
Mayne Susan T.,
Männistö Satu,
Virtamo Jarmo,
Wright Margaret E.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.24829
Subject(s) - medicine , vitamin c , quartile , carotenoid , vitamin e , antioxidant , renal cell carcinoma , confidence interval , relative risk , vitamin , nutrient , lower risk , beta carotene , cohort , etiology , food science , cohort study , physiology , biology , biochemistry , ecology
Previous epidemiologic studies that have examined the relationship between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk and intakes of plant foods and antioxidant nutrients have yielded inconsistent results. We therefore examined the associations between intakes of fruit, vegetables, carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamin E and vitamin C and RCC risk in the Alpha‐Tocopherol, Beta‐Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study cohort. At baseline, 27,062 male Finnish smokers aged 50–69 years completed a 276‐item dietary questionnaire that included questions on frequency of consumption and portion size. During up to 19 years of follow‐up, 255 men developed RCC. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Despite a large range in intake, no association was observed between fruit, vegetables or antioxidant nutrients and RCC risk. For example, multivariate RRs and 95% CIs for the highest versus the lowest quartile of intake were 0.79 (0.55–1.14), 1.23 (0.85–1.79), 1.09 (0.74–1.60), 0.83 (0.57–1.21), 1.09 (0.73–1.64) and 0.99 (0.67–1.46) for fruit, vegetables, total carotenoids, total flavonoids, total vitamin E and vitamin C, respectively (all p values for trend > 0.05). Our results indicate that diet may not play a large role in the etiology of RCC in male smokers, although further examination of these associations in nonsmokers, women and diverse racial populations is warranted.