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Prevalence and risk factors of human papillomavirus infection by penile site in uncircumcised Kenyan men
Author(s) -
Smith Jennifer S.,
Backes Danielle M.,
Hudgens Michael G.,
Bailey Robert C.,
Veronesi Giovanni,
Bogaarts Martijn,
Agot Kawango,
NdinyaAchola J.O.,
Maclean Ian,
Agingu Walter,
Meijer Chris J.L.M.,
Moses Stephen,
Snijders Peter J.F.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.24770
Subject(s) - medicine , glans , glans penis , gonorrhea , risk factor , confidence interval , chlamydia trachomatis , gynecology , penis , virology , surgery , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence was estimated from 2,705 sexually active, uncircumcised, human immunodeficiency virus seronegative men aged 17–28 years in Kisumu, Kenya. HPV prevalence was 51.1% (95% confidence interval: 49.2–53.0%) in penile cells from the glans/coronal sulcus and/or shaft. HPV prevalence varied by anatomical site, with 46.5% positivity in the glans/coronal sulcus compared with 19.1% in the shaft ( p < 0.0001). High‐risk HPV was detected in 31.2% of glans and 12.3% of shaft samples ( p < 0.0001). HPV16 was the most common type and 29.2% of men were infected with more than one HPV type. Risk factors for HPV infection included presence of C. trachomatis , N. gonorrhea , self‐reported sexually transmitted infections, and less frequent bathing. Lifetime number of sexual partners and herpes simplex virus type‐2 seropositivity were also marginally associated with HPV infection.