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Promoter hypermethylation of CDH13 is a common, early event in human esophageal adenocarcinogenesis and correlates with clinical risk factors
Author(s) -
Jin Zhe,
Cheng Yulan,
Olaru Alexandru,
Kan Takatsugu,
Yang Jian,
Paun Bogdan,
Ito Tetsuo,
Hamilton James P.,
David Stefan,
Agarwal Rachana,
Selaru Florin M.,
Sato Fumiaki,
Abraham John M.,
Beer David G.,
Mori Yuriko,
Shimada Yutaka,
Meltzer Stephen J.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.23804
Subject(s) - dna methylation , methylation , epigenetics , medicine , cancer research , gene silencing , esophageal squamous cell carcinoma , esophagus , adenocarcinoma , oncology , cancer , biology , gene expression , gene , genetics
Although the CDH13 gene has been shown to undergo epigenetic silencing by promoter methylation in many types of tumors, hypermethylation of this gene in Barrett's‐associated esophageal adenocarcinogenesis has not been studied. Two hundred fifty‐nine human esophageal tissues were therefore examined for CDH13 promoter hypermethylation by real‐time methylation‐specific PCR. CDH13 hypermethylation showed discriminative receiver‐operator characteristic curve profiles, sharply demarcating esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and normal esophagus (NE) ( p < 0.0001). CDH13 normalized methylation values (NMV) were significantly higher in Barrett's esophagus (BE), dysplastic BE (D) and EAC than in NE ( p < 0.1). CDH13 hypermethylation frequency was 0% in NE but increased early during neoplastic progression, rising to 70% in BE, 77.5% in D and 76.1% in EAC. Both CDH13 hypermethylation frequency and its mean NMV were significantly higher in BE with than without accompanying EAC. In contrast, only 5 (19.2%) of 26 ESCCs exhibited CDH13 hypermethylation. Furthermore, both CDH13 hypermethylation frequency and its mean NMV were significantly higher in EAC than in ESCC, as well as in BE or D vs . ESCC. Interestingly, mean CDH13 NMV was significantly lower in short‐segment than in long‐segment BE, a known clinical risk factor for neoplastic progression. Similarly, BE segment length was significantly lower in specimens with unmethylated than with methylated CDH13 promoters. 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine treatment of OE33 EAC and KYSE220 ESCC cells reduced CDH13 methylation and increased CDH13 mRNA expression. These findings suggest that hypermethylation of CDH13 is a common, tissue‐specific event in human EAC, occurs early during BE‐associated neoplastic progression, and correlates with known clinical neoplastic progression risk factors. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.