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Novel human polyomaviruses—Re‐emergence of a well known virus family as possible human carcinogens
Author(s) -
zur Hausen Harald
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.23620
Subject(s) - merkel cell polyomavirus , biology , virus , virology , polyomavirus infections , merkel cell , dna virus , bk virus , merkel cell carcinoma , oncovirus , cancer , immunology , genetics , gene , genome , carcinoma , kidney , kidney transplantation
Abstract Polyomaviruses belong to a family of DNA tumorviruses that frequently cause cancer upon inoculation into heterologous hosts. The rhesus monkey virus SV40 and mouse polyomavirus have been studied in particular detail. Two members of the polyomavirus family, BK and JC viruses, were identified as human pathogens more than 30 years ago. Both are oncogenic when inoculated into newborn rodents. Their possible role in human cancers has been intensively investigated; conclusive results are, however, still missing. During the past year 3 new members of the polyomavirus family have been identified in humans, KI, WU, and MC‐Polyomavirus. Whereas the first 2 were only found in respiratory fluids of children with respiratory infections and in healthy individuals, the third virus was found to be specifically linked to Merkel tumors, a rare human cancer of neuroendocrine origin. The positive Merkel cells contain viral DNA in an integrated and clonal form, suggesting an involvement of this virus in the etiology of those tumors. This article will summarize the results of recent polyomavirus isolations from humans and animals and also address the potential role of members of this virus family in other human malignancies. It also makes reference to observations of polyomavirus‐like particles in other conditions, particularly in hair‐follicle cell‐related proliferations. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.