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Gene expression abnormalities in histologically normal breast epithelium of breast cancer patients
Author(s) -
Tripathi Anusri,
King Chialin,
de la Morenas Antonio,
Perry Victoria Kristina,
Burke Bohdana,
Antoine Gregory A.,
Hirsch Erwin F.,
Kavanah Maureen,
Mendez Jane,
Stone Michael,
Gerry Norman P.,
Lenburg Marc E.,
Rosenberg Carol L.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.23267
Subject(s) - breast cancer , carcinogenesis , epithelium , pathology , gene expression , cancer , gene , tissue microarray , breast disease , cancer research , biology , immunohistochemistry , medicine , genetics
Normal‐appearing epithelium of cancer patients can harbor occult genetic abnormalities. Data comprehensively comparing gene expression between histologically normal breast epithelium of breast cancer patients and cancer‐free controls are limited. The present study compares global gene expression between these groups. We performed microarrays using RNA from microdissected histologically normal terminal ductal‐lobular units (TDLU) from 2 groups: ( i ) cancer normal (CN) (TDLUs adjacent to untreated ER+ breast cancers ( n = 14)) and ( ii ) reduction mammoplasty (RM) (TDLUs of age‐matched women without breast disease ( n = 15)). Cyber‐T identified differentially expressed genes. Quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and comparison to independent microarray data including 6 carcinomas in situ (CIS), validated the results. Gene ontology (GO), UniProt and published literature evaluated gene function. About 127 probesets, corresponding to 105 genes, were differentially expressed between CN and RM ( p < 0.0009, corresponding to FDR <0.10). 104/127 (82%) probesets were also differentially expressed between CIS and RM, nearly always (102/104 (98%)) in the same direction as in CN vs . RM. Two‐thirds of the 105 genes were implicated previously in carcinogenesis. Overrepresented functional groups included transcription, G‐protein coupled and chemokine receptor activity, the MAPK cascade and immediate early genes. Most genes in these categories were under‐expressed in CN vs . RM. We conclude that global gene expression abnormalities exist in normal epithelium of breast cancer patients and are also present in early cancers. Thus, cancer‐related pathways may be perturbed in normal epithelium. These abnormalities could be markers of disease risk, occult disease, or the tissue's response to an existing tumor. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.