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Air pollution and risk of lung cancer in a prospective study in Europe
Author(s) -
Vineis Paolo,
Hoek Gerard,
Krzyzanowski Michal,
VignaTaglianti Federica,
Veglia Fabrizio,
Airoldi Luisa,
Autrup Herman,
Dunning Alison,
Garte Seymour,
Hainaut Pierre,
Malaveille Christian,
Matullo Giuseppe,
Overvad Kim,
RaaschouNielsen Ole,
ClavelChapelon Francoise,
Linseisen Jacob,
Boeing Heiner,
Trichopoulou Antonia,
Palli Domenico,
Peluso Marco,
Krogh Vittorio,
Tumino Rosario,
Panico Salvatore,
BuenoDeMesquita H. Bas,
Peeters Petra H.,
Lund E. Eylin,
Gonzalez Carlos A.,
Martinez Carmen,
Dorronsoro Miren,
Barricarte Aurelio,
Cirera Lluis,
Quiros J. Ramon,
Berglund Goran,
Forsberg Bertil,
Day Nicholas E.,
Key Tim J.,
Saracci Rodolfo,
Kaaks Rudolf,
Riboli Elio
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.21801
Subject(s) - odds ratio , medicine , lung cancer , prospective cohort study , confidence interval , european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition , cotinine , confounding , environmental health , cancer , nicotine
To estimate the relationship between air pollution and lung cancer, a nested case‐control study was set up within EPIC (European Prospective Investigation on Cancer and Nutrition). Cases had newly diagnosed lung cancer, accrued after a median follow‐up of 7 years among the EPIC exsmokers (since at least 10 years) and never smokers. Three controls per case were matched. Matching criteria were gender, age (±5 years), smoking status, country of recruitment and time elapsed between recruitment and diagnosis. We studied residence in proximity of heavy traffic roads as an indicator of exposure to air pollution. In addition, exposure to air pollutants (NO 2 , PM10, SO 2 ) was assessed using concentration data from monitoring stations in routine air quality monitoring networks. Cotinine was measured in plasma. We found a nonsignificant association between lung cancer and residence nearby heavy traffic roads (odds ratio = 1.46, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.89–2.40). Exposure data for single pollutants were available for 197 cases and 556 matched controls. For NO 2 we found an odds ratio of 1.14 (95% CI, 0.78–1.67) for each increment of 10 μg/m 3 , and an odds ratio of 1.30 (1.02–1.66) for concentrations greater than 30 μg/m 3 . The association with NO 2 did not change after adjustment by cotinine and additional potential confounders, including occupational exposures. No clear association was found with other pollutants. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.