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Preschool diet and adult risk of breast cancer
Author(s) -
Michels Karin B.,
Rosner Bernard A.,
Chumlea Wm. Cameron,
Colditz Graham A.,
Willett Walter C.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.21407
Subject(s) - breast cancer , medicine , odds ratio , cancer , case control study , affect (linguistics) , prospective cohort study , longitudinal study , risk factors for breast cancer , confidence interval , gynecology , demography , obstetrics , psychology , pathology , sociology , communication
Events before puberty may affect adult risk of breast cancer. We examined whether diet during preschool age may affect a woman's risk of breast cancer later in life. We conducted a case‐control study including 582 women with breast cancer and 1,569 controls free of breast cancer selected from participants in the Nurses' Health Study and the Nurses' Health Study II. Information concerning childhood diet of the nurses at ages 3–5 years was obtained from the mothers of the participants with a 30‐item food‐frequency questionnaire. An increased risk of breast cancer was observed among woman who had frequently consumed French fries at preschool age. For one additional serving of French fries per week, the odds ratio (OR) for breast cancer adjusted for adult life breast cancer risk factors was 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–1.44). Consumption of whole milk was associated with a slightly decreased risk of breast cancer (covariate‐adjusted OR for every additional glass of milk per day = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.82–0.99). Intake of none of the nutrients calculated was related to the risk of breast cancer risk in this study. These data suggest a possible association between diet before puberty and the subsequent risk of breast cancer. Differential recall of preschool diet by the mothers of cases and controls has to be considered as a possible explanation for the observed associations. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether the association between preschool diet and breast cancer is reproducible in prospective data not subject to recall bias. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.