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Antimicrobial protein hCAP18/LL‐37 is highly expressed in breast cancer and is a putative growth factor for epithelial cells
Author(s) -
Heilborn Johan D.,
Nilsson Margareta Frohm,
Jimenez Clara I. Chamorro,
Sandstedt Bengt,
Borregaard Niels,
Tham Emma,
Sørensen Ole E.,
Weber Günther,
Ståhle Mona
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.20795
Subject(s) - cathelicidin , biology , cancer research , cell growth , innate immune system , immune system , effector , immunology , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry
Human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein hCAP18/LL‐37 is an effector molecule of the nonspecific innate immune system. hCAP18/LL‐37 is present in leukocytes and is expressed in skin and other epithelia, where it is upregulated in association with inflammation and injury. In addition, antimicrobial proteins including cathelicidins have been proposed to play a role in the nonspecific defense against tumors. To assess its potential role in tumor host defense, we investigated the expression of hCAP18/LL‐37 in a series of breast carcinomas. Unexpectedly, we found that hCAP18/LL‐37 was strongly expressed in the tumor cells and not in the adjacent stroma. To test the hypothesis that hCAP18/LL‐37 may provide a growth advantage for the tumor cells, we treated human epithelial cell lines with synthetic biologically active LL‐37 peptide and found a significant increase in cell proliferation. In addition, transgenic expression of hCAP18 in 2 different human epithelial cell lines resulted in increased proliferation of both cell types. These findings do not support the hypothesis that LL‐37 has an antitumor effect, but rather suggest that hCAP18/LL‐37 may promote tumor cell growth in breast cancer. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.