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Dietary calcium, vitamin D, VDR genotypes and colorectal cancer
Author(s) -
Slattery Martha L.,
Neuhausen Susan L.,
Hoffman Michael,
Caan Bette,
Curtin Karen,
Ma Khe Ni,
Samowitz Wade
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
international journal of cancer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.475
H-Index - 234
eISSN - 1097-0215
pISSN - 0020-7136
DOI - 10.1002/ijc.20330
Subject(s) - calcitriol receptor , colorectal cancer , vitamin d and neurology , odds ratio , medicine , gastroenterology , genotype , endocrinology , calcium , cancer , biology , genetics , gene
Abstract The vitamin D receptor (VDR) may importantly modulate risk of colorectal cancer either independently or in conjunction with calcium and vitamin D intake. We evaluate the association between calcium, vitamin D, dairy products, and VDR polymorphisms in 2 case‐control studies of colon and rectal cancer ( n = 2,306 cases and 2,749 controls). Dietary intake was evaluated using a detailed diet history questionnaire. Two VDR polymorphisms were evaluated: an intron 8 Bsm 1 polymorphism and a 3′ untranslated region poly‐A length polymorphism (designated S for short and L for long). The SS genotype reduced risk of colorectal cancer for men (odds ratio [OR] = 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55–0.92). High levels of calcium intake reduced risk of rectal cancer in women (OR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.24–0.64) but were not associated with rectal cancer in men (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.66–1.56). Similar reduced rectal cancer risk among women was observed at high levels of vitamin D (OR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.32–0.85) and low‐fat dairy products (OR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.39–0.94). High levels of sunshine exposure reduced risk of rectal cancer among those diagnosed when <60 years of age (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.42–0.93). Examination of calcium in conjunction with VDR genotype showed that a significant 40% reduction in risk of rectal cancer was observed for the SS or BB VDR genotypes when calcium intake was low ( p interaction = 0.01 for calcium interaction). For colon cancer, high levels of dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D, and low‐fat dairy products reduced risk of cancer for the SS or BB VDR genotypes, although the p for interaction was not statistically significant. These data support previous observations that high levels of calcium and vitamin D reduce risk of rectal cancer and provide support for a weak protective effect for the SS and BB VDR genotypes. The risk associated with VDR genotype seems to depend upon the level of dietary calcium and vitamin D and tumor site. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.