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Residence time control on hot moments of net nitrate production and uptake in the hyporheic zone
Author(s) -
Briggs Martin A.,
Lautz Laura K.,
Hare Danielle K.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
hydrological processes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.222
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1099-1085
pISSN - 0885-6087
DOI - 10.1002/hyp.9921
Subject(s) - sink (geography) , environmental science , hydrology (agriculture) , residence time (fluid dynamics) , hyporheic zone , primary production , biogeochemical cycle , ecology , chemistry , environmental engineering , ecosystem , surface water , environmental chemistry , geology , biology , geography , cartography , geotechnical engineering
Abstract The retention capacity for biologically available nitrogen within streams can be influenced by dynamic hyporheic zone exchange, a process that may act as either a net source or net sink of dissolved nitrogen. Over 5 weeks, nine vertical profiles of streambed chemistry (NO 3 − and NH 4 + ) were collected above two beaver dams along with continuous high‐resolution vertical hyporheic flux data. The results indicate a non‐linear relation of net NO 3 − production followed by net uptake in the hyporheic zone as a function of residence time. This Lagrangian‐based relation is consistent through time and across varied morphology (bars, pools, glides) above the dams, even though biogeochemical and environmental factors varied. The empirical continuum between net NO 3 − production and uptake and residence time is useful for identifying two crucial residence time thresholds: the transition to anaerobic respiration, which corresponds to the time of peak net nitrate production, and the net sink threshold, which is defined by a net uptake in NO 3 − relative to streamwater. Short‐term hyporheic residence time variability at specific locations creates hot moments of net production and uptake, enhancing NO 3 − production as residence times approach the anaerobic threshold, and changing zones of net NO 3 − production to uptake as residence times increase past the net sink threshold. The anaerobic and net sink thresholds for beaver‐influenced streambed morphology occur at much shorter residence times (1.3 h and 2.3 h, respectively) compared to other documented hyporheic systems, and the net sink threshold compares favorably to the lower boundary of the anaerobic threshold determined for this system with the new oxygen Damkohler number. The consistency of the residence time threshold values of NO 3 − cycling in this study, despite environmental variability and disparate morphology, indicates that NO 3 − hot moment dynamics are primarily driven by changes in physical hydrology and associated residence times. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.